Harnessing solar energy on demand is the ambitious goal of a US startup known as Reflect Orbital. Their innovative approach involves using mirrors positioned in orbit to redirect surplus sunlight back to Earth.
This initiative doesn’t aim to make the planet perpetually sunnier; rather, it seeks to extend the operational hours of solar power plants, enhancing their electricity generation each day.
The initial plan includes launching two satellites in 2026 as a proof of concept. These satellites will be equipped with deployable mirrors measuring 18 m x 18 m (59 x 59 ft) and will operate in a low Earth orbit around 600 km (373 miles) above the surface.
When operational, these satellites will emit brightness comparable to a full moon, illuminating a specific area of 6 km (3.73 miles) in diameter on Earth.
While this brightness may not suffice for direct solar power generation, the strategy involves deploying numerous satellites, all directing their beams toward the same vicinity—aiming for 5,000 satellites by 2030 and over 50,000 by 2035.
Under optimal conditions regarding mirror reflectance and accuracy, a limited number of designated areas (6 km wide) on the ground could achieve brightness akin to dusk.
However, this won’t create a constant beacon of light, as the satellite travels at approximately 7.5 km/s (4.66 mi/s), illuminating any given area for only brief intervals. This approach may prove beneficial for solar power installations during the twilight hours—just after sunset or just before dawn.
In regions where natural light is already sufficient, no enhancement is necessary; conversely, the satellite may also be obscured by darkness.
Consequently, the economic viability of this venture may be challenged when compared to expanding existing solar energy capacity and storage solutions on the ground.
This article addresses the question (by Samantha Barker of the University of Oxford): “Can we create sunlight on demand?”
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Source: www.sciencefocus.com