NASA-Backed Otter Spacecraft to Test Autonomous Satellite Inspections and Orbital Debris Removal

A new NASA-backed spacecraft will approach an inoperable satellite and other space objects to demonstrate technology that could support future in-space repairs, satellite servicing and debris removal in low Earth orbit.

Otter spacecraft will inspect up to four objects in orbit

The Small Spacecraft Propulsion and Inspection Capability (SSPICY) mission launched on October 1 from Vandenberg Space Force Base in California. The technology demonstration uses the Otter spacecraft, built by Starfish Space, to approach up to four inoperable space objects of U.S. origin, including satellites and rocket bodies.

In early 2027, Otter will begin navigating to within a few hundred yards of each object to conduct detailed inspections. The spacecraft will use autonomous guidance and control software with minimal input from ground controllers.

Computer vision and onboard sensors will help Otter make real-time navigation decisions as it approaches each target. During the inspections, the spacecraft will collect information about each object’s rotational speed, orientation and surface conditions.

Mission tests autonomous space navigation technology

An electric propulsion system will allow SSPICY to travel between objects. An articulated robotic boom will also test how the spacecraft can direct its thrusters to perform precise maneuvers along different trajectories.

This mission marks the first time these technologies will be tested together as an integrated system. The results could help advance future autonomous maintenance, satellite servicing and on-orbit debris inspection missions.

Otter will not dock with the satellite

During the SSPICY mission, the Otter spacecraft will not touch or dock with any satellite. Instead, it will test the technology needed to eventually service and repair objects in orbit—or guide them into Earth’s atmosphere for safe removal.

Space objects that malfunction or become obsolete, including rocket bodies and satellites, can break apart or collide with other objects, creating dangerous debris in orbit. From large fragments to tiny particles, orbital debris can threaten spacecraft and future missions.

Thousands of satellites are launched each year to support communications, weather forecasting, navigation and other services used every day. As activity in low Earth orbit increases, technologies that help keep near-Earth space safe are becoming increasingly important.

NASA and Starfish Space lead SSPICY mission

Starfish Space develops and operates the Otter 24C spacecraft used for the SSPICY mission. NASA’s Small Spacecraft and Distributed Systems Program within the Research and Technology Mission Directorate funds and manages the technology demonstration.

NASA’s Small Business Innovation Research/Small Business Technology Transfer Program funded the award to Starfish Space, supporting the early development of the spacecraft’s key technologies and capabilities.