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References on Early Land Plant, Arthropod and Insect Evolution
The following scientific references provide supporting research on early land plant evolution,
arthropod terrestrialization, insect origins, hexapod phylogeny, fossil evidence and Bayesian
phylogenetic analysis.
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Morris, J. L. et al. The timescale of early land plant evolution.
Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 115, E2274–E2283 (2018). -
Lozano-Fernandez, J. et al. A molecular palaeobiological exploration of arthropod terrestrialization.
Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 371, 20150133 (2016). -
Lozano-Fernandez, J. et al. A Cambrian–Ordovician terrestrialization of arachnids.
Front. Genet. 11, 182 (2020). -
Mángano, M. G., Buatois, L. A., Astini, R. & Rindsberg, A. K.
Trilobites in early Cambrian tidal flats and the landward expansion of the Cambrian explosion.
Geology 42, 143–146 (2014). -
Edgecombe, G. D. et al. Aquatic stem group myriapods close a gap between molecular divergence dates
and the terrestrial fossil record. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 117, 8966–8972 (2020). -
Lamsdell, J. C., McCoy, V. E., Perron-Feller, O. A. & Hopkins, M. J.
Air breathing in an exceptionally preserved 340-million-year-old sea scorpion.
Curr. Biol. 30, 4316–4321 (2020). -
Ward, P., Labandeira, C., Laurin, M. & Berner, R. A.
Confirmation of Romer’s Gap as a low oxygen interval constraining the timing of initial arthropod
and vertebrate terrestrialization. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 103, 16818–16822 (2006). -
Garrouste, R. et al. A complete insect from the Late Devonian period.
Nature 488, 82–85 (2012). -
Rota-Stabelli, O., Daley, A. C. & Pisani, D.
Molecular timetrees reveal a Cambrian colonization of land and a new scenario for ecdysozoan evolution.
Curr. Biol. 23, 392–398 (2013). -
Gueriau, P. et al. A new Devonian euthycarcinoid reveals the use of different respiratory strategies
during the marine-to-terrestrial transition in the myriapod lineage.
R. Soc. Open Sci. 7, 201037 (2020). -
Clarke, J. T., Warnock, R. C. M. & Donoghue, P. C. J.
Establishing a time-scale for plant evolution. New Phytol. 192, 266–301 (2011). -
Du, S. et al. Revisiting the four Hexapoda classes: Protura as the sister group to all other hexapods.
Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 121, e2408775121 (2024). -
Grimaldi, D. & Engel, M. S. Evolution of the Insects
(Cambridge Univ. Press, 2005). -
Misof, B. et al. Phylogenomics resolves the timing and pattern of insect evolution.
Science 346, 763–767 (2014). -
Schwentner, M., Combosch, D. J., Nelson, J. P. & Giribet, G.
A phylogenomic solution to the origin of insects by resolving crustacean-hexapod relationships.
Curr. Biol. 27, 1818–1824 (2017). -
Whalley, P. & Jarzembowski, E. A.
A new assessment of Rhyniella, the earliest known insect, from the Devonian of Rhynie, Scotland.
Nature 291, 317–317 (1981). -
Fayers, S. R. & Trewin, N. H.
A hexapod from the Early Devonian Windyfield Chert, Rhynie, Scotland.
Palaeontology 48, 1117–1130 (2005). -
Brauckmann, C., Brauckmann, B. & Groning, E.
The stratigraphical position of the oldest known Pterygota (Insecta. Carboniferous, Namurian).
Ann. Soc Géol. Belg. 117, 47–56 (1994). -
Nel, A. et al. The earliest known holometabolous insects.
Nature 503, 257–261 (2013). -
Shear, W. A. An insect to fill the gap. Nature 488, 34–35 (2012).
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Engel, M. S. & Grimaldi, D. A. New light shed on the oldest insect.
Nature 427, 627 (2004). -
Labandeira, C. C., Beall, B. S. & Hueber, F. M.
Early insect diversification: evidence from a Lower Devonian bristletail from Québec.
Science 242, 913–916 (1988). -
Haas, F., Waloszek, D. & Hartenberger, R.
Devonohexapodus bocksbergensis, a new marine hexapod from the Lower Devonian Hunsrück Slates,
and the origin of Atelocerata and Hexapoda.
Org. Divers. Evol. 3, 39–54 (2003). -
Hörnschemeyer, T. et al. Is Strudiella a Devonian insect?
Nature 494, E3–E4 (2013). -
Haug, C. & Haug, J. T. The presumed oldest flying insect: more likely a myriapod?
PeerJ 5, e3402 (2017). -
Jeram, A. J., Selden, P. A. & Edwards, D.
Land animals in the Silurian: arachnids and myriapods from Shropshire, England.
Science 250, 658–661 (1990). -
Kühl, G. & Rust, J. Devonohexapodus bocksbergensis is a synonym of
Wingertshellicus backesi (Euarthropoda) – no evidence for marine hexapods living in the Devonian Hunsrück Sea.
Org. Divers. Evol. 9, 215–231 (2009). -
Emerson, M. J. & Schram, F. R. Remipedia, part 2: paleontology.
Proc. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 7, 1–52 (1991). -
Emerson, M. J. & Schram, F. R. The origin of crustacean biramous appendages and the evolution of Arthropoda.
Science 250, 667–669 (1990). -
Neiber, M. T. et al. Global biodiversity and phylogenetic evaluation of Remipedia (Crustacea).
PLoS ONE 6, e19627 (2011). -
Schram, F. R. & Koenemann, S. Evolution and Phylogeny of Pancrustacea
(Oxford Univ. Press, 2021). -
Grimaldi, D. A. 400 million years on six legs: on the origin and early evolution of Hexapoda.
Arthropod Struct. Dev. 39, 191–203 (2010). -
Hörnig, M., Haug, C., Schneider, J. & Haug, J.
Evolution of reproductive strategies in dictyopteran insects – clues from ovipositor morphology of extinct roachoids.
Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 63, 1–24 (2018). -
Kukalová-Peck, J. New Carboniferous Diplura, Monura, and Thysanura, the hexapod ground plan,
and the role of thoracic side lobes in the origin of wings (Insecta).
Can. J. Zool. 65, 2327–2345 (1987). -
Bechly, G. & Stockar, R. The first Mesozoic record of the extinct apterygote insect genus
Dasyleptus (Insecta: Archaeognatha: Monura: Dasyleptidae) from the Triassic of Monte San Giorgio, Switzerland.
Palaeodiversity 4, 23–37 (2011). -
Beutel, R. G., Friedrich, F., Yang, X.-K. & Ge, S.-Q.
Insect Morphology and Phylogeny: A Textbook for Students of Entomology
(Walter de Gruyter, 2013). -
Anderson, L. I. & Trewin, N. H. An Early Devonian arthropod fauna from the Windyfield cherts,
Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Palaeontology 46, 467–509 (2003). -
Konopova, B. & Akam, M. The Hox genes Ultrabithorax and abdominal-A
specify three different types of abdominal appendage in the springtail
Orchesella cincta (Collembola). EvoDevo 5, 2 (2014). -
Jockusch, E. L. & Smith, F. W. In
Evolutionary Developmental Biology of Invertebrates 5: Ecdysozoa III: Hexapoda
(ed. Wanninger, A.) 111–208 (Springer, 2015). -
Bitsch, J. The controversial origin of the abdominal appendage-like processes in immature insects:
Are they true segmental appendages or secondary outgrowths? (Arthropoda, Hexapoda).
J. Morphol. 273, 919–931 (2012). -
Nowghani, F., Jonusaite, S., Watson-Leung, T., Donini, A. & Kelly, S. P.
Strategies of ionoregulation in the freshwater nymph of the mayfly
Hexagenia rigida. J. Exp. Biol. 220, 3997–4006 (2017). -
Prokop, J., Rosová, K., Leipner, A. & Sroka, P.
Thoracic and abdominal outgrowths in early pterygotes: a clue to the common ancestor of winged insects?
Commun. Biol. 6, 1262 (2023). -
Martinez-Delclos, X., Nel, A. & Popov, Y. A.
Systematics and functional morphology of Iberonepa romerali n. gen. and sp.,
Belostomatidae from the Spanish Lower Cretaceous (Insecta, Heteroptera).
J. Paleontol. 69, 496–508 (1995). -
Hagner-Holler, S. et al. A respiratory hemocyanin from an insect.
Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 101, 871–874 (2004). -
Haese, C. A. D. Were the first springtails semi-aquatic?
A phylogenetic approach by means of 28S rDNA and optimization alignment.
Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 269, 1143–1151 (2002). -
King, P. B. Geology of the Eastern Part of the Marathon Basin, Texas
(US Geological Survey, 1980). -
Bitsch, J. & Nel, A. Morphology and classification of the extinct Archaeognatha and related taxa (Hexapoda).
Ann. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 35, 17–29 (1999). -
Adis, J. U. & Sturm, H. On the natural history and ecology of Meinertillidae
(Archaeognatha, Insecta) from dryland and inundation forests of Central Amazonia.
Amazoniana 10, 197–218 (1987). -
Noble-Nesbitt, J. Transpiration in Podura aquatica L.
(Collembola, Isotomidae) and the wetting properties of its cuticle.
J. Exp. Biol. 40, 681–700 (1963). -
Zeh, D. W., Zeh, J. A. & Smith, R. L.
Ovipositors, amnions and eggshell architecture in the diversification of terrestrial arthropods.
Q. Rev. Biol. 64, 147–168 (1989). -
Delaney, M. J. Life histories in the Thysanura.
Acta Zool. Crac. 2, 61–90 (1957). -
Brooks, H. K. A crustacean from the Tesnus Formation (Pennsylvanian) of Texas.
J. Paleontol. 29, 852–856 (1955). -
Schram, F. R. & Emerson, M. J. The Great Tesnus fossil expedition of 1985.
Environ. Southwest 515, 16–21 (1986). -
Noble, P. J. Paleoceanographic and tectonic implications of a regionally extensive Early Mississippian hiatus
in the Ouachita system, southern mid-continental United States.
Geology 21, 315–318 (1993). -
Ellison, S. P. Conodonts from the Trans-Pecos Paleozoic of Texas.
AAPG Bull. 46, 266 (1962). -
Elias, M. K. Some Mississippian conodonts from the Ouachita Mountains.
In The Geology of the Ouachita Mountain. A Symposium
(eds Hilseweck, W. J. & Feray, D. E.) 141–159
(Dallas Geological Society and the Ardmore Geological Society, 1959). -
Hass, W. H. Conodont from the Arkansas novaculite, Stanley shale and Jackfork sandstone.
In Guidebook Ouachita Mountains Field Conference
(ed. Maxwell, B.) 25–33 (Ardmore Geological Society, 1956). -
Mapel, W. J. et al. Southern midcontinent and southern Rocky Mountains region.
In Paleotectonic Investigations of the Mississippian System in the United States
(eds Craig, L. C. & Connor, C. W.) 161–187 (US Geological Survey, 1979). -
Shaulis, B. J., Lapen, T. J., Casey, J. F., Staszyc, A. & Newberry, A. S.
Timing of flysch sedimentation in the Ouachita remnant ocean basin:
constraints from U-Pb ages of zircon in subaqueous tuff deposits.
In American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting vol. 2012 T51A-2552 (2012). -
Imoto, N. & McBride, E. F. Volcanism recorded in the Tesnus Formation,
Marathon uplift and hydrocarbon potential.
In Marathon Thrust Belt: Structure, Stratigraphy, and Hydrocarbon Potential
(eds Laroche, T. M. & Higgins, L.) 93–98
(West Texas Geological Society and Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, 1990). -
Shaulis, B., Lapen, T., Casey, J. F. & Reid, D.
Timing and rates of flysch sedimentation in the Stanley Group, Ouachita Mountains,
Oklahoma and Arkansas, U.S.A.: constraints from U-Pb zircon ages of subaqueous ash-flow tuffs.
J. Sediment. Res. 82, 833–840 (2012). -
Pointon, M. A., Chew, D. M., Ovtcharova, M., Sevastopulo, G. D. & Crowley, Q. G.
New high-precision U–Pb dates from western European Carboniferous tuffs; implications for time-scale calibration,
the periodicity of late Carboniferous cycles and stratigraphical correlation.
J. Geol. Soc. 169, 713–721 (2012). -
King, P. B. Geology of the Marathon region, Texas.
U.S. Geol. Surv. Spec. Pap. 187, 1–148 (1937). -
Baker, C. L. Radiolaria in the Tesnus Formation, Marathon Basin, Trans-Pecos Texas.
J. Paleontol. 37, 502 (1963). -
Bitsch, C. & Bitsch, J. Phylogenetic relationships of basal hexapods among the mandibulate arthropods:
a cladistic analysis based on comparative morphological characters.
Zool. Scripta 33, 511–550 (2004). -
von Reumont, B. M. et al. Pancrustacean phylogeny in the light of new phylogenomic data:
support for Remipedia as the possible sister group of Hexapoda.
Mol. Biol. Evol. 29, 1031–1045 (2012). -
Lozano-Fernandez, J. et al. Pancrustacean evolution illuminated by taxon-rich genomic-scale data sets
with an expanded remipede sampling.
Genome Biol. Evol. 11, 2055–2070 (2019). -
Li, Y.-D. et al. Foveapeltis gen. nov., an unusual cleroid genus with large hypomeral cavities
from mid-Cretaceous amber (Coleoptera: Cleroidea).
Ecol. Evol. (2024). -
Smith, M. R. TreeSearch: morphological phylogenetic analysis in R.
R J. 14, 305–315 (2023). -
Ronquist, F. et al. MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice
across a large model space. Syst. Biol. 61, 539–542 (2012). -
Lewis, P. O. A likelihood approach to estimating phylogeny from discrete morphological character data.
Syst. Biol. 50, 913–925 (2001). -
Gelman, A. & Rubin, D. B. Inference from iterative simulation using multiple sequences.
Stat. Sci. 7, 457–472 (1992). -
Rambaut, A., Drummond, A. J., Xie, D., Baele, G. & Suchard, M. A.
Posterior summarization in Bayesian phylogenetics using Tracer 1.7.
Syst. Biol. 67, 901–904 (2018). -
Nixon, K. C. ASADO version 1.5 beta (2004).
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Tihelka, E. et al. Data accompanying “Amphibious stem-insects shed light on colonisation of land”.
Zenodo (2026). -
Schliep, K. P. phangorn: phylogenetic analysis in R.
Bioinformatics 27, 592–593 (2011).
Source: www.nature.com


